Kwandika byihuse

Imashini yihuta ya prototyping ukoresheje lazeri yatoranijwe (SLS)

Gukata moderi ya 3D
Kwihuta kwa prototyping nitsinda ryubuhanga bukoreshwa muguhimba byihuse urugero rwikigereranyo cyigice cyumubiri cyangwa inteko ukoresheje mudasobwa eshatu zifashishijwe na mudasobwa (CAD).Kubaka igice cyangwa inteko mubisanzwe bikorwa hifashishijwe icapiro rya 3D cyangwa "ibikoresho byongeweho gukora".

Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kwihuta bwa prototyping bwabonetse hagati ya za 1980 kandi bwakoreshejwe mugukora moderi nibice bya prototype.Uyu munsi, zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu kandi zikoreshwa mugukora ibice-byujuje ubuziranenge mu mubare muto niba ubishaka nta buryo busanzwe bubi bwubukungu bwihuse.Ubu bukungu bwashishikarije ibiro bya serivisi kumurongo.Ubushakashatsi bwamateka yubuhanga bwa RP butangirana no kuganira kubuhanga bwo gukora simulacra bukoreshwa nabanyabukorikori bo mu kinyejana cya 19.Abanyabugeni bamwe bigezweho bakoresha tekinoroji yo kubyara kubyara imurikagurisha nibintu bitandukanye.Ubushobozi bwo kubyara ibishushanyo bivuye kuri dataset byatumye havuka ibibazo byuburenganzira, kuko ubu birashoboka guhuza amakuru ya volumetric duhereye kumashusho amwe.

Kimwe nuburyo bukuramo bwa CNC, bifashwa na mudasobwa - igishushanyo mbonera cya mudasobwa CAD -CAM ikora mugikorwa gakondo cyihuta cya prototyping itangirana no gushiraho amakuru ya geometrike, haba nka 3D ikomeye ikoresheje CAD ikoreramo, cyangwa uduce 2D dukoresheje a igikoresho cyo gusikana.Kuri prototyping yihuse aya makuru agomba kwerekana urugero rwa geometrike yemewe;aribyo, umuntu ufite imbibi zububiko zingana nubunini butagira ingano, nta mwobo ugaragaza imbere, kandi ntusubire inyuma.Muyandi magambo, ikintu kigomba kugira "imbere".Icyitegererezo gifite agaciro niba kuri buri ngingo mumwanya wa 3D mudasobwa irashobora kumenya idasanzwe niba iyo ngingo iri imbere, kuri, cyangwa hanze yumupaka wikitegererezo.CAD nyuma-yatunganijwe izagereranya abacuruzi basaba imiterere ya CAD ya geometrike (urugero, B-splines) hamwe nimibare yoroshye yimibare, nayo igaragarira muburyo bwihariye bwamakuru aribintu bisanzwe mubikorwa byiyongera: Imiterere ya dosiye ya STL, igipimo gifatika cyo kwimura imiterere ikomeye ya geometrike kumashini ya SFF.

Kugirango ubone inzira zikenewe zo kugenzura inzira kugirango utware SFF nyayo, prototyping yihuse, icapiro rya 3D cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora inyongeramusaruro, moderi ya geometrike yateguwe mubisanzwe ikataguwe mubice, kandi ibice bikabikwa mumirongo (bitanga "igishushanyo cya 2D" cyakoreshejwe kubyara trayectory nko mubikoresho bya CNC), bigana muburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka umubiri.

1. Ahantu ho gusaba
Kwihutisha prototyping nabyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwa software kugirango ugerageze imishinga mishya yubucuruzi nuburyo bwububiko nka Aerosmace, Automotive, Services Services, iterambere ryibicuruzwa, hamwe nubuvuzi.Igishushanyo mbonera cy’indege hamwe nitsinda ryinganda bishingira prototyping kugirango habeho uburyo bushya bwa AM mu nganda.Ukoresheje SLA barashobora gukora byihuse verisiyo nyinshi yimishinga yabo muminsi mike hanyuma bagatangira kugerageza vuba.Byihuta Prototyping yemerera abashushanya / abitegura gutanga igitekerezo nyacyo cyukuntu ibicuruzwa byarangiye bizagenda mbere yo gushyira umwanya munini namafaranga muri prototype.Icapiro rya 3D rikoreshwa muri Rapid Prototyping ituma icapiro rya 3D rikorwa.Hamwe nibi, urashobora kugira ibinini binini kugirango ibice bisohoka vuba vuba mugihe gito.

2. Amateka
Mu myaka ya za 70, Joseph Henry Condon n'abandi muri Bell Labs bateje imbere sisitemu yo gushushanya ya Unix Circuit (UCDS), itangiza akazi gakomeye kandi gakunze kwibeshya ko guhinduranya intoki gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi n'iterambere.

Kugeza mu myaka ya za 1980, abafata ibyemezo muri Amerika n'abashinzwe inganda bahatiwe kumenya ko Amerika yiganje mu bijyanye no gukora ibikoresho by'imashini byashize, mu cyiswe ikibazo cy'imashini.Imishinga myinshi yashatse guhangana niyi nzira mugace gakondo ka CNC CAM, yari yatangiye muri Amerika.Nyuma, ubwo Rapid Prototyping Sisitemu yavaga muri laboratoire kugirango igurishwe, byaje kumenyekana ko iterambere ryari rimaze kuba mpuzamahanga ndetse n’amasosiyete yihuta ya prototyping yo muri Amerika ntabwo yari afite uburambe bwo kureka inzira ikanyerera.Fondasiyo y’ubumenyi y’igihugu yari umutaka w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe icyogajuru n’ikirere (NASA), Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika, Ishami ry’Ubucuruzi muri Amerika NIST, Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika, Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi (DARPA), hamwe n’ibiro bya Ubushakashatsi bwo mu mazi bwahujije ubushakashatsi bwo kumenyesha abategura ingamba mubitekerezo byabo.Imwe muri iyo raporo ni Raporo yihuse yo mu 1997 mu Burayi no mu Buyapani Raporo y’akanama aho Joseph J. Beaman washinze DTM Corporation atanga ibitekerezo by’amateka:

Imizi yubuhanga bwihuse bwa prototyping irashobora gukurikiranwa mubikorwa muri topografiya no gufotora.Muri TOPOGRAPHY Blanther (1892) yatanze igitekerezo cyuburyo bwo gukora igishushanyo cyerekana amakarita yubutabazi yazamuye amakarita yubutaka .Ibikorwa byari bikubiyemo guca imirongo ya kontour kumurongo wibyapa hanyuma bigashyirwa.Matsubara (1974) wo muri Mitsubishi yatanze igitekerezo cyo gutondekanya imiterere y’imiterere ya fotopolymer ifotora kugirango ibe ibice bito byegeranye kugirango bikorwe.AMAFOTO yari tekinike yo mu kinyejana cya 19 yo gukora ibintu bitatu-bigereranya ibintu.Icyamamare Francois Willeme (1860) yashyize kamera 24 mumuzingi kandi icyarimwe afotora ikintu.Silhouette ya buri foto noneho yakoreshejwe mugukora kopi.Morioka (1935, 1944) yakoze igishushanyo mbonera cyamafoto hamwe nubutaka bwa topografiya akoresheje urumuri rwubatswe kugirango afotore umurongo uhuza imirongo yikintu.Imirongo irashobora gutezwa imbere mumpapuro hanyuma igakata hanyuma igashyirwa, cyangwa igashyirwa mubikoresho byo kubika.Inzira ya Munz (1956) yerekanaga ishusho yibice bitatu yikintu muguhitamo guhitamo, umurongo ku kindi, ifoto ya emulion kuri piston yamanutse.Nyuma yo gukosora, silinderi ikomeye ibonerana irimo ishusho yikintu.

- Joseph J. Beaman
"Inkomoko ya Prototyping yihuta - RP ikomoka mu nganda za CAD zigenda ziyongera, cyane cyane uruhande rukomeye rwa CAD.Mbere yo kwerekana imiterere ihamye yatangijwe mu mpera za 1980, moderi-eshatu zakozwe hakoreshejwe amakadiri yinsinga hamwe nubuso.Ariko kugeza igihe iterambere ryukuri ryerekana neza rishobora guhanga inzira nka RP.Charles Hull, wafashije kubona sisitemu ya 3D mu 1986, yateguye inzira ya mbere ya RP.Iyi nzira, yitwa stereolithography, yubaka ibintu mugukiza ibice bikurikiranye bya ultraviolet yumucyo utumva neza hamwe na lazeri nkeya.Hamwe no kumenyekanisha RP, moderi zikomeye za CAD zishobora kubaho mubuzima butunguranye ”.

Tekinoroji yitwa Solid Freeform Fabrication nicyo twemera uyumunsi nka prototyping yihuse, icapiro rya 3D cyangwa gukora inyongeramusaruro: Swainson (1977), Schwerzel (1984) yakoraga kuri polymerisime ya polymer yifotora ihurira kumirongo ibiri ya mudasobwa igenzurwa na laser.Ciraud (1972) yafataga magnetostatike cyangwa electrostatike ikoresheje urumuri rwa elegitoronike, laser cyangwa plasma kugirango yambare hejuru.Ibi byose byasabwe ariko ntibizwi niba imashini zikora zarubatswe.Hideo Kodama wo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda cya Nagoya ni we wa mbere wasohoye inkuru y’icyitegererezo gikomeye cyahimbwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa fotopolymer bwihuse (1981).Sisitemu ya mbere yihuta cyane ya prototyping ishingiye kuri Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) yakozwe muri Mata 1992 na Stratasys ariko ipatanti ntiyatanze kugeza ku ya 9 Kamena 1992. Sanders Prototype, Inc yashyizeho icapiro rya mbere rya inkjet ya 3D inkjet (3DP) ikoresheje an ivumburwa kuva Kanama 4.1992 (Helinski), Modelmaker 6Pro mu mpera za 1993 hanyuma icapiro rinini rya 3D rikora inganda, Modelmaker 2, mu 1997. Z-Corp ukoresheje ifu ya MIT 3DP ihuza Direct Shell Casting (DSP) yahimbwe 1993 yatangijwe isoko muri 1995. No kuri iyo tariki ya mbere ikoranabuhanga ryagaragaye ko rifite umwanya mubikorwa byo gukora.Icyemezo gike, imbaraga nke zasohotse zari zifite agaciro mugusuzuma igishushanyo, gukora ibishushanyo, umusaruro wibikorwa nibindi bice.Ibisohoka byagiye bitera imbere bigana hejuru yo gukoresha.Sanders Prototype, Inc.

Guhanga udushya bihora bishakishwa, kugirango byongere umuvuduko nubushobozi bwo guhangana nibikorwa byinshi.Iterambere ritangaje RP isangiye nuduce twa CNC ni ubuntu-gufungura isoko-yubusa ya progaramu yo murwego rwo hejuru igizwe nibikoresho byose bya CAD-CAM.Ibi byashizeho umuryango wabakora ibikoresho buke bya res.Hobbyist ndetse yakoze ibishushanyo mbonera bisabwa na laser

Urutonde rwa mbere rwibikorwa bya RP cyangwa Technologies Technologies yasohotse mu 1993 byanditswe na Marshall Burns kandi bisobanura buri nzira neza.Ivuga kandi tekinoroji zimwe zabanjirije amazina kurutonde rukurikira.Kurugero: Visual Impact Corporation yakoze gusa printer ya prototype yo gushira ibishashara hanyuma yemerera patenti Sanders Prototype, Inc aho.BPM yakoresheje inkjets hamwe nibikoresho bimwe.